AI & ML, Explained Simply
Explore our glossary of applied AI and ML concepts, from team augmentation and model ops to ethical automation, explained through a business lens.
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What is transfer learning?
Transfer learning is a machine learning approach where a pre-trained model is reused or adapted for a related task instead of being trained from scratch. Through knowledge transfer in machine...4 min readWhat is generative design?
Generative design is an engineering approach that uses AI algorithms, simulation, and optimization to automatically produce and evaluate multiple solutions to a design problem. Instead of refining a single concept...4 min readWhat is model distillation?
Model distillation is a machine learning optimization technique where a smaller student model learns to reproduce the behavior of a larger teacher model. The goal is to keep much of...4 min readWhat is agentic memory?
Agentic memory enables AI agents to retain and leverage context from past interactions, tasks, and workflows. With this, an AI system remembers useful details instead of starting fresh with every...5 min readWhat is embedding drift?
Embedding drift is a measurable change in the distribution or semantic relationships of embeddings relative to a reference dataset or period. It can result from changes in incoming data, the...4 min readWhat is query expansion in RAG?
Query expansion in RAG is a retrieval optimization technique where the original user query is rewritten, enriched, or expanded before it reaches your knowledge base. Instead of searching with whatever...4 min read -
Bi-Encoder vs. Cross-Encoder: Retrieval and Reranking Explained
Bi-encoders and cross-encoders are two transformer-based architectures used in semantic search, ranking, and RAG pipelines. A bi-encoder encodes queries and documents separately, allowing document embeddings to be indexed for fast...4 min readWhat is semantic chunking?
Semantic chunking for RAG breaks text into smaller pieces based on meaning or context. This method keeps related ideas together before adding documents to a vector database. As a result,...4 min readWhat is speculative decoding?
Speculative decoding is an inference optimization technique that speeds up output generation in large language models. The speculative decoding workflow generates candidate tokens using a smaller draft model while a...4 min readWhat is LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation)?
LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method for adapting large neural networks, particularly large language models (LLMs), to specific contexts without retraining the full model. Such fine-tuning is...4 min readWhat is a private LLM?
A private LLM is a large language model deployed in an environment where an organization controls how its data, access, and model interactions are managed. The environment may be hosted...5 min readWhat is retrieval-augmented generation in AI?
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is an approach that retrieves relevant information from external sources and supplies it to a large language model (LLM) as context to generate a response. This allows...5 min read -
Recommender Systems
What is a Recommendation System? Recommendation system is a software system that suggests relevant items to users based on their past interactions and behavior. It uses data such as clicks,...4 min readReinforcement Learning
What is Reinforcement Learning? Reinforcement learning in AI is a machine learning approach where an algorithm learns by interacting with an environment and improving its decisions through trial and error....5 min readWhat is AGI?
Artificial general intelligence (AGI) describes a theoretical form of AI with general-purpose cognitive capabilities similar to humans, namely, reasoning, learning from experience, and adapting to new situations without previous instruction...4 min readWhat is AI observability?
AI observability is the practice of continuously diagnosing AI model outputs and decision paths in production by connecting and analyzing model metrics, data logs, and execution traces. End-to-end visibility helps...4 min readWhat is the AI development lifecycle?
The AI development lifecycle is the process of developing, training, and maintaining AI-powered software systems. It starts with defining the problem to be solved and then moves to feature engineering,...3 min readWhat is predictive analytics in healthcare?
Predictive analytics in healthcare is the use of advanced technologies to analyze large volumes of historical and real-time data on patients and care. Although statistical approaches are still applied for...3 min read -
What Is Intelligent Process Automation in HealthTech?
Intelligent process automation in healthcare refers to the integration of artificial intelligence with robotic process automation to handle both repetitive and cognitive tasks across clinical and administrative workflows. Unlike traditional...4 min readWhat is RPA in healthcare?
Robotic process automation in healthcare is a software technology that uses digital “bots” to automate repetitive, rule-based tasks such as data entry, claims processing, and appointment scheduling. These bots mimic...3 min readWhat is Human-in-the-Loop AI?
The human-in-the-loop AI approach means human supervision in the design and operation of AI and machine learning software. People step in at the moments when critical thinking, ethical decisions, and...3 min readWhat is AI talent management?
AI talent management is the use of artificial intelligence to accelerate and automate recruitment, workforce planning, and employee development. It makes HR specialists’ work more efficient without eliminating human oversight....3 min readWhat is AI in customer support?
AI in customer support is the implementation of AI technologies to streamline support tasks and enhance customer experience. The combination of NLP, machine learning, generative AI, and predictive analytics enables...3 min readWhat is an AI Agent?
An AI agent is a subtype of AI-powered software that autonomously performs tasks and makes decisions based on specific goals. It differs from automation tools and simple chatbots, as the...3 min read -
What is AI in Climate Tech?
AI in ClimateTech means the application of artificial intelligence to develop solutions that track and mitigate the impact of climate change. These systems rely on AI for climate modeling and...3 min readWhat is green AI?
Green AI is a software development approach focused on making AI systems environmentally sustainable and creating climate-friendly AI. It includes practices that reduce carbon footprint, increase energy efficiency, contribute to...3 min readWhat is AI-powered quality control?
AI tools for quality assurance automatically detect defects during production to improve quality and optimize human effort. They rely on computer vision, machine learning models, and deep learning to inspect...3 min readWhat is explainable AI (XAI)?
Explainable AI (XAI) is an approach to AI system development that ensures users understand how an AI model works. Explainable AI methods describe the model and its decision-making process. Explainability...3 min readWhat is responsible AI framework?
The responsible AI definition refers to an approach to AI system design, development, deployment, and use that ensures its transparency and safety to end-users. It includes the tools, practices, and...3 min readWhat is AI pipeline automation?
AI pipeline automation is the process of automating the design, development, and maintenance of AI and ML models. Automation is a core part of MLOps services that enables engineering teams...3 min read -
What is an AI product team?
An AI product team is an engineering team of cross-functional specialists who have the skills to build custom software with AI functionality. Companies without AI expertise often collaborate with external...3 min readWhat is AI team augmentation?
AI team augmentation is a staffing model in which external AI engineers join an in-house team on a temporary basis. It’s a practical solution when you have short-term staffing needs...3 min readWhat is machine learning team augmentation?
Machine learning team augmentation is a flexible approach to scaling your machine learning capabilities by temporarily adding external experts to your in-house team. It’s often used when companies need specialized...4 min readWhat is a dedicated AI team?
A dedicated AI team is a group of data scientists, machine learning engineers, and other AI specialists who focus solely on your projects, usually through an external partner. Companies choose...4 min read -
What is transfer learning?
Transfer learning is a machine learning approach where a pre-trained model is reused or adapted for a related task instead of being trained from scratch. Through knowledge transfer in machine...4 min readWhat is generative design?
Generative design is an engineering approach that uses AI algorithms, simulation, and optimization to automatically produce and evaluate multiple solutions to a design problem. Instead of refining a single concept...4 min readWhat is model distillation?
Model distillation is a machine learning optimization technique where a smaller student model learns to reproduce the behavior of a larger teacher model. The goal is to keep much of...4 min readWhat is agentic memory?
Agentic memory enables AI agents to retain and leverage context from past interactions, tasks, and workflows. With this, an AI system remembers useful details instead of starting fresh with every...5 min readWhat is embedding drift?
Embedding drift is a measurable change in the distribution or semantic relationships of embeddings relative to a reference dataset or period. It can result from changes in incoming data, the...4 min readWhat is query expansion in RAG?
Query expansion in RAG is a retrieval optimization technique where the original user query is rewritten, enriched, or expanded before it reaches your knowledge base. Instead of searching with whatever...4 min read -
Bi-Encoder vs. Cross-Encoder: Retrieval and Reranking Explained
Bi-encoders and cross-encoders are two transformer-based architectures used in semantic search, ranking, and RAG pipelines. A bi-encoder encodes queries and documents separately, allowing document embeddings to be indexed for fast...4 min readWhat is semantic chunking?
Semantic chunking for RAG breaks text into smaller pieces based on meaning or context. This method keeps related ideas together before adding documents to a vector database. As a result,...4 min readWhat is speculative decoding?
Speculative decoding is an inference optimization technique that speeds up output generation in large language models. The speculative decoding workflow generates candidate tokens using a smaller draft model while a...4 min readWhat is LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation)?
LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method for adapting large neural networks, particularly large language models (LLMs), to specific contexts without retraining the full model. Such fine-tuning is...4 min readWhat is a private LLM?
A private LLM is a large language model deployed in an environment where an organization controls how its data, access, and model interactions are managed. The environment may be hosted...5 min readWhat is retrieval-augmented generation in AI?
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is an approach that retrieves relevant information from external sources and supplies it to a large language model (LLM) as context to generate a response. This allows...5 min read -
Recommender Systems
What is a Recommendation System? Recommendation system is a software system that suggests relevant items to users based on their past interactions and behavior. It uses data such as clicks,...4 min readReinforcement Learning
What is Reinforcement Learning? Reinforcement learning in AI is a machine learning approach where an algorithm learns by interacting with an environment and improving its decisions through trial and error....5 min readWhat is AGI?
Artificial general intelligence (AGI) describes a theoretical form of AI with general-purpose cognitive capabilities similar to humans, namely, reasoning, learning from experience, and adapting to new situations without previous instruction...4 min readWhat is AI observability?
AI observability is the practice of continuously diagnosing AI model outputs and decision paths in production by connecting and analyzing model metrics, data logs, and execution traces. End-to-end visibility helps...4 min readWhat is the AI development lifecycle?
The AI development lifecycle is the process of developing, training, and maintaining AI-powered software systems. It starts with defining the problem to be solved and then moves to feature engineering,...3 min readWhat is predictive analytics in healthcare?
Predictive analytics in healthcare is the use of advanced technologies to analyze large volumes of historical and real-time data on patients and care. Although statistical approaches are still applied for...3 min read -
What Is Intelligent Process Automation in HealthTech?
Intelligent process automation in healthcare refers to the integration of artificial intelligence with robotic process automation to handle both repetitive and cognitive tasks across clinical and administrative workflows. Unlike traditional...4 min readWhat is RPA in healthcare?
Robotic process automation in healthcare is a software technology that uses digital “bots” to automate repetitive, rule-based tasks such as data entry, claims processing, and appointment scheduling. These bots mimic...3 min readWhat is Human-in-the-Loop AI?
The human-in-the-loop AI approach means human supervision in the design and operation of AI and machine learning software. People step in at the moments when critical thinking, ethical decisions, and...3 min readWhat is AI talent management?
AI talent management is the use of artificial intelligence to accelerate and automate recruitment, workforce planning, and employee development. It makes HR specialists’ work more efficient without eliminating human oversight....3 min readWhat is AI in customer support?
AI in customer support is the implementation of AI technologies to streamline support tasks and enhance customer experience. The combination of NLP, machine learning, generative AI, and predictive analytics enables...3 min readWhat is an AI Agent?
An AI agent is a subtype of AI-powered software that autonomously performs tasks and makes decisions based on specific goals. It differs from automation tools and simple chatbots, as the...3 min read -
What is AI in Climate Tech?
AI in ClimateTech means the application of artificial intelligence to develop solutions that track and mitigate the impact of climate change. These systems rely on AI for climate modeling and...3 min readWhat is green AI?
Green AI is a software development approach focused on making AI systems environmentally sustainable and creating climate-friendly AI. It includes practices that reduce carbon footprint, increase energy efficiency, contribute to...3 min readWhat is AI-powered quality control?
AI tools for quality assurance automatically detect defects during production to improve quality and optimize human effort. They rely on computer vision, machine learning models, and deep learning to inspect...3 min readWhat is explainable AI (XAI)?
Explainable AI (XAI) is an approach to AI system development that ensures users understand how an AI model works. Explainable AI methods describe the model and its decision-making process. Explainability...3 min readWhat is responsible AI framework?
The responsible AI definition refers to an approach to AI system design, development, deployment, and use that ensures its transparency and safety to end-users. It includes the tools, practices, and...3 min readWhat is AI pipeline automation?
AI pipeline automation is the process of automating the design, development, and maintenance of AI and ML models. Automation is a core part of MLOps services that enables engineering teams...3 min read -
What is an AI product team?
An AI product team is an engineering team of cross-functional specialists who have the skills to build custom software with AI functionality. Companies without AI expertise often collaborate with external...3 min readWhat is AI team augmentation?
AI team augmentation is a staffing model in which external AI engineers join an in-house team on a temporary basis. It’s a practical solution when you have short-term staffing needs...3 min readWhat is machine learning team augmentation?
Machine learning team augmentation is a flexible approach to scaling your machine learning capabilities by temporarily adding external experts to your in-house team. It’s often used when companies need specialized...4 min readWhat is a dedicated AI team?
A dedicated AI team is a group of data scientists, machine learning engineers, and other AI specialists who focus solely on your projects, usually through an external partner. Companies choose...4 min read
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